Securities and Exchange Board of India

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (frequently abbreviated SEBI) is the regulator for the securities market in India. It was established in the year 1988 and given statutory powers on 12 April 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992.

  It was officially established by The Government of India in the year 1988 and given statutory powers in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the Indian Parliament. SEBI has its Headquarters at the business district of Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai, and has Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western Regional Offices in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Ahmedabad respectively.
Controller of Capital Issues was the regulatory authority before SEBI came into existence; it derived authority from the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947.
Initially SEBI was a non statutory body without any statutory power. However in the year of 1995, the SEBI was given additional statutory power by the Government of India through an amendment to the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. In April, 1988 the SEBI was constituted as the regulator of capital markets in India under a resolution of the Government of India.
The SEBI is managed by its members, which consists of following: a) The chairman who is nominated by Union Government of India. b) Two members, i.e. Officers from Union Finance Ministry. c) One member from The Reserve Bank of India. d) The remaining 5 members are nominated by Union Government of India, out of them at least 3 shall be whole-time members.
The office of SEBI is situated at SEBI Bhavan, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra East, Mumbai- 400051, with its regional offices at Kolkata, Delhi,Chennai & Ahmadabad. It has recently opened local offices at Jaipur and Bangalore and is

Organization structure

Name	Designation
Upendra Kumar Sinha	Chairman
Prashant Saran	Whole Time Member
Rajeev Kumar Agarwal	Whole Time Member
S Raman	Whole Time Member
Prakash Chandra	Joint Secretary, Ministry of Finance
V. K. Jairath magya	Member Appointed
Anand Sinha	Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India
Naved Masood	Secretary, Ministry of Corporate Affairs
Raje Kumar	Part Time Member

List of former Chairmen:^[5]

Name	From	To
C. B. Bhave	18 February 2008	18 February 2011
M. Damodaran	18 February 2005	18 February 2008
G. N. Bajpai	20 February 2002	18 February 2005
D. R. Mehta	21 February 1995	20 February 2002
S. S. Nadkarni	17 January 1994	31 January 1995
G. V. Ramakrishna	24 August 1990	17 January 1994
Dr. S. A. Dave	12 April 1988	23 August 1990

Financial Bonds

A financial bond is a documented debt security instrument which is issued by governments and corporate institutions against which a debt is offered to the holder along with a fixed rate of interest which is mentioned in the debt. A bond holder is supposed to pay back the money borrowed with the interest at fixed intervals.

Bondholders are segregated from equity stockholders by the fact that bondholders are the creditors of the company or the institution issuing the bonds whereas stockholders are the owners of the company. The issuer of the bond(borrowers) are legally bound to redeem(repay) the bonds to the bondholders( lenders ) unlike the equity shareholders(owners) who cannot claim their debts back as equity stocks are non-redeemable documents that can accrue indefinitely.

GOI Bonds

GOI (Government of India) bonds are low risk debt instruments issued by the Government of India against underlying assets of the government. The returns on investment (ROI) are generally low on these debts but are guaranteed of being repaid in fixed time intervals along with the interests. With extensive financial experience and high end market research facilities, we are able to find you 8% Savings GOI (Taxable) Bonds which are eligible for investment.
a) The Bonds may be held by
An individual, not being a Non-Resident Indian:

• In his or her individual capacity
• In individual capacity on joint basis
• In individual capacity on anyone or survivor basis
• On behalf of a minor as father/mother/legal guardian

b) A Hindu Undivided Family
c) Charitable Institution' to mean a Company registered under Section 25 of the Indian Companies Act 1956 or
d) An institution which has obtained a Certificate of Registration as a charitable institution in accordance with a law in force
e) Any institution which has obtained a certificate from the Income Tax Authority for the purpose of Section 80G of the Income Tax Act, 1961
f) Limit of Investment:
There will be no maximum limit for investment in the Bond Tax Treatment.
g) Income-tax
Interest on the Bonds will be taxable under the Income-Tax Act, 1961 as applicable according to the relevant tax status of the bond holder
h) Wealth tax
The Bonds will be exempted from Wealth-tax under the Wealth- tax Act, 1957.
I) Issue Price
The Bonds will be issued at par i.e. at Rs.100.00 percent.
The Bonds will be issued for a minimum amount of Rs. 1000/- (face value) and in multiples thereof. Accordingly, the issue price will be Rs.1000/- for every Rs.1, 000/-(Nominal).
j) Form
The Bonds will be issued and held at the credit of the holder in an account called Bond Ledger Account (BLA).  New Bond Ledger series with the prefix (TB) are to be opened. All investment in 8% Savings (Taxable) Bonds by an existing BLA holder will be viewed as a new investment under a new BLA11.
k) Nomination
A sole holder or a sole surviving holder of a Bond, being an individual, may nominate in form B (Anne x– 4) or as near thereto as may be, one or more persons who shall be entitled to the Bond and the payment thereon in the event of his/her death.
l) Transferability
The Bond in the form of Bond Ledger Account shall not be transferable.
m) Interest
The bond will be issued in cumulative and non-cumulative form, at the option of the investor.
The Bond will bear interest at the rate of 8% per annum. Interest on non-cumulative bonds will be payable at half-yearly intervals from the date of issue.
Interest on cumulative bonds will be compounded with half-yearly rests and will be payable on maturity along with the principal.
In the latter case, the maturity value of the Bonds shall be Rs.1601/- (being principal and interest) for every Rs.1, 000/-(Nominal). Interest to the holders opting for non-cumulative Bonds will be paid from date of up to 31st July/31st January, as the case may be and at half-yearly for period ending 31st July/31st January on 1st August and 1st February.
Interest on Bond in the form of "Bond Ledger Account" will be paid, by cheque/warrant or through ECS by credit to bank account of the holder as per the option exercised by the investor/holder.
n) Advances/Tradability against Bonds
The Bonds shall not be tradable in the secondary market and shall not be eligible as collateral for loans from banks, financial Institutions and Non Banking Financial Companies, (NBFC) etc.
o) Repayment
The Bonds shall be repayable on the expiry of 6 (Six) years from the date of issue. No interest would accrue after the maturity of the Bond.

Tax Planning

We provide our clients with efficient services of Tax Planning, that help them in profitably secure their wealth by investing in government securities and bonds. The funds that otherwise would be liable to taxation, is efficiently invested in variable securities spread across an array of industries to minimize risk on investment. These investments earn a higher rate of return than savings in banks which are further liable to taxation.

In order to make investments in the most effective manner, our professionals analyze the requisites and risks involved in various scenarios and situations. The following parameters are used to determine the allocation of investments:

Taxation Planning And Solutions

We provide advisory and assistance services for Tax Planning to our clients. These services include Tax solutions by investing in government securities and bonds. Since investments in government securities are exempt from taxation, these solutions enhance savings of the user. This is not only profitable for the investors but also for the nation at large, as these investments in prioritized sectors help bring down the inflation rate, which in turn, is beneficial for the all citizens. The Central and State governments mobilize these funds from investments and utilize it for the welfare of the nation. Supreme Court observed in a case that "Tax planning may be legitimate provided it is within the framework of Law".

International Markets & Global Indices

Market Indices

Index	Value	% Change	Chart	Market Closed/Open
BEL 20 (BEL20)	3,060.49	-1.23 ▼		Market: Closed
CAC 40 (CAC40)	4,202.78	-1.02 ▼		Market: Closed
DJIA (INDU)	16,493.37	-0.42 ▼		Market: Closed
FTSE All World Index data ex-US (AW01UK)	277.22	-0.55 ▼		Market: Closed
FTSE RAFI 1000 Index (FR10UK)	8,794.49	-0.30 ▼		Market: Closed
FTSE100 (UKX100)	6,679.18	-0.76 ▼		Market: Closed
NASDAQ Canada (CND)	345.68	1.51 ▲		Market: Closed
NASDAQ Comp. (IXIC)	4,352.64	-0.39 ▼		Market: Closed
NASDAQ-100 (IXNDX)	3,879.67	-0.33 ▼		Market: Closed
NIKKEI 225 (NIK/O)	15,523.11	-0.63 ▼		Market: Closed
S&P 500 (SPX)	1,925.15	-0.29 ▼		Market: Closed
S&P/TSX Comp. Index (TSX)	12,359.47	-0.26 ▼		Market: Closed

Market Indices Charts

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International Investing

 

Trade Stocks from 20+ Countries

Scottrade offers access to foreign stocks, providing customers the ability to trade international equities alongside domestic equities via one central account. Most trades are just $7. And, with international stock offerings from foreign companies in various sectors and industries, Scottrade’s international investing opportunities might match your strategy.

Trading Foreign Stocks

Scottrade is dedicated to providing you with advanced research and trading tools to help you manage your investments on your own terms. Find international investing opportunities or get an online quote with our stocks screener. Or start your research online with news, charts and stock information for many international stocks, available free of charge with your Scottrade account.

Trading International Stocks via American Depository Receipts (ADR)

Owning shares in foreign markets expands and diversifies investors’ stock portfolios, and can play a part in achieving a balanced financial strategy. American depository receipts, called ADRs, are receipts for shares in foreign companies that trade on the U.S. stock market. So you can buy or sell shares in companies from across the globe, and you can trade your ADR stocks from the comfort of your online trading account.
Scottrade offers ADRs for companies in over 20 countries throughout Europe, Africa, South America, and Asia Pacific. Login to your online trading account, and use the stock screener to explore ADR stocks that you can use to expand your portfolio's investments internationally.
 

International Monetary Market

The International Monetary Market (IMM), a spin-off from the old Chicago Mercantile Exchange and largely the creation of Leo Melamed, is today one of four divisions of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), the largest futures exchange in the United States, for the trading of futures contracts and options on futures. The IMM was started on May 16, 1972.Two of the more prevalent contracts traded are currency futures and interest rate futures, specifically, 3-month Eurodollar time deposits and 90-day U.S. Treasury bills. The other two CME divisions includes the Index and Option Market (IOM) and Growth and Emerging Markets (GEM). All products fall under one of these three divisions.


A division of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) that deals with the trading of currency and interest rate futures and options. Trading on the IMM started in May 1972 when the CME and the IMM merged.

GLOBALIZATION

The term globalization has acquired a variety of meanings, but in economic terms it refers to the move that is taking place in the direction of complete mobility of capital and labour and their products, so that the world's economies are on the way to becoming totally integrated. The driving forces of the process are reductions in politically imposed barriers and in the costs of transport and communication (although, even if those barriers and costs were eliminated, the process would be limited by inter-country differences in social capital).
It is a process which has ancient origins^{[citation needed]}, which has gathered pace in the last fifty years, but which is very far from complete. In its concluding stages, interest rates, wage rates and corporate and income tax rates would become the same everywhere, driven to equality by competition, as investors, wage earners and corporate and personal taxpayers threatened to migrate in search of better terms. In fact, there are few signs of international convergence of interest rates, wage rates or tax rates. Although the world is more integrated in some respects, it is possible to argue that on the whole it is now less integrated than it was before the first world war.,and that many middle-east countries are less globalised than they were 25 years ago.
Of the moves toward integration that have occurred, the strongest has been in financial markets, in which globalisation is estimated to have tripled since the mid-1970s. Recent research has shown that it has improved risk-sharing, but only in developed countries, and that in the developing countries it has increased macroeconomic volatility. It is estimated to have resulted in net welfare gains worldwide, but with losers as well as gainers. .
Increased globalisation has also made it easier for recessions to spread from country to country. A reduction in economic activity in one country can lead to a reduction in activity in its trading partners as a result of its consequent reduction in demand for their exports, which is one of the mechanisms by which the business cycle is transmitted from country to country. Empirical research confirms that the greater the trade linkage between countries the more coordinated are their business cycles.
Globalisation can also have a significant influence upon the conduct of macroeconomic policy. The Mundell–Fleming model and its extensions are often used to analyse the role of capital mobility (and it was also used by Paul Krugman to give a simple account of the Asian financial crisis). Part of the increase in income inequality that has taken place within countries is attributable - in some cases - to globalisation. A recent IMF report demonstrates that the increase in inequality in the developing countries in the period 1981 to 2004 was due entirely to technological change, with globalisation making a partially offsetting negative contribution, and that in the developed countries globalisation and technological change were equally responsible.